ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS: Determinants & matrices, system of linear equations, eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus - mean value theorems of integral calculus, partial, total and directional derivatives, maxima and minima. Sequences and Series, convergence, Fourier series.
Vector calculus - gradient, divergence and curl, line and surface integrals, Green, Gauss and Stokes' theorems. Ordinary differential equations - first order equations linear and nonlinear equations, higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms.
Complex analysis -complex numbers, polar form of complex numbers, Powers and roots, limit, derivative, analytical functions.
Probability and Statistics - concept of probability, means and variance, linear regression analysis.
PROCESS CALCULATIONS AND THERMODYNAMICS: Laws of conservation of mass and energy; use of tie components; recycle, bypass and purge calculations; degrees of freedom. First and Second laws of thermodynamics and their applications; equations of state and thermodynamic properties of real systems; phase equilibria; fugacity, excess properties and correlations of activity coefficients; chemical reaction equilibria.
FLUID MECHANICS AND MECHANICAL OPERATIONS: Fluid statics, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Macroscopic energy balance, Bernoulli equation, dimensional analysis, continuity equation, flow through pipeline systems, flow meters, pumps and compressors, packed and fluidized beds, elementary boundary layer theory, size reduction and size separation; free and hindered settling; centrifuges and cyclones; thickening and classification, filtration; mixing and agitation; conveying of solids. HEAT TRANSFER: Conduction, convection and radiation, heat transfer coefficients, steady and unsteady heat conduction, Boiling, condensation and evaporation; types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their design.
MASS TRANSFER: Fick's law, mass transfer coefficients, Film, penetration and surface renewal theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies; design and operation of equipment for distillation, absorption, leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, drying, humidification, dehumidification and adsorption.
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING: Theories of reaction rates; Kinetics of homogeneous reactions, interpretation of kinetic data, single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors, non-ideal reactors; non-isothermal reactors; kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions; diffusional effects in catalysis.
INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL: Measurement of process variables; dynamics of simple systems such as CSTRs, heat exchangers etc.; transfer functions and responses of simple systems, process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; analysis of closed loop systems including stability, frequency response (including Bode plots) and controller tuning.
PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS: Design of chemical engineering equipment; principles of process economics and cost estimation.
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY: Inorganic chemical industries; sulfuric acid, NaOH, fertilizers; natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats); petroleum refining and petrochemicals; polymerization industries: polyethylene, polypropylene and synthetic fibers. CHEMISTRY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Structure: Quantum theory: principles and techniques; applications to a particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor and hydrogen atom; valence bond and molecular orbital theories, Hückel approximation; approximate techniques: variation and perturbation; symmetry, point groups; rotational, vibrational, electronic, NMR, and ESR spectroscopy Equilibrium: Kinetic theory of gases; First law of thermodynamics, heat, energy, and work; second law of thermodynamics and entropy; third law and absolute entropy; free energy; partial molar quantities; ideal and non-ideal solutions; phase transformation: phase rule and phase diagrams - one, two, and three component systems; activity, activity coefficient, fugacity, and fugacity coefficient; chemical equilibrium, response of chemical equilibrium to temperature and pressure; colligative properties; Debye-Hückel theory; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; standard electrode potentials: applications - corrosion and energy conversion; molecular partition function (translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic).
Kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions, temperature dependence of chemical reactions; elementary, consecutive, and parallel reactions; steady state approximation; theories of reaction rates - collision and transition state theory, relaxation kinetics, kinetics of photochemical reactions and free radical polymerization, homogeneous catalysis, adsorption isotherms and heterogeneous catalysis.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Main group elements: General characteristics, allotropes, structure and reactions of simple and industrially important compounds: boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Hydrides, oxides and oxacids of pnictogens (N, P), chalcogens (S, Se & Te) and halogens, xenon compounds, pseudo halogens and interhalogen compounds. Shapes of molecules and hard- soft acid base concept. Structure and Bonding (VBT) of B, Al, Si, N, P, S, Cl compounds. Allotropes of carbon: graphite, diamond, C60. Synthesis and reactivity of inorganic polymers of Si and P.
Transition Elements: General characteristics of d and f block elements; coordination chemistry: structure and isomerism, stability, theories of metal- ligand bonding (CFT and LFT), mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reactions of coordination complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes, lanthanides and actinides. Metal carbonyls, metal- metal bonds and metal atom clusters, metallocenes; transition metal complexes with bonds to hydrogen, alkyls, alkenes and arenes; metal carbenes; use of organometallic compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis. Bioinorganic chemistry of Na, K. Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and Mo.
Solids: Crystal systems and lattices, miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects; Bragg's Law, ionic crystals, band theory, metals and semiconductors, Different structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 compounds, spinels.
Instrumental methods of analysis: Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy including ICP-AES, UV- visible spectrophotometry, NMR, mass, Mossbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn), ESR spectroscopy, chromatography including GC and HPLC and electro-analytical methods (Coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography - amperometry, and ion selective electrodes). ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Stereochemistry: Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centers. Specification of configuration in compounds having one or more stereogenic centers. Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical isomerism. Configurational and conformational effects on reactivity and selectivity/specificity.
Reaction mechanism: Methods of determining reaction mechanisms. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions and additions to multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes, free radicals. Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient atoms.
Organic synthesis: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following- alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides, nitro compounds and amines. Use of compounds of Mg, Li, Cu, B and Si in organic synthesis. Concepts in multistep synthesis- retrosynthetic analysis, disconnections, synthons, synthetic equivalents, reactivity umpolung, selectivity, protection and deprotection of functional groups.
Pericyclic reactions: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlation, FMO and PMO treatments.
Photochemistry: Basic principles. Photochemistry of alkenes, carbonyl compounds, and arenes. Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-p- methane rearrangement, Barton reaction.
Heterocyclic compounds: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and their derivatives.
Biomolecules: Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids.
Spectroscopy: Principles and applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the determination of structures of organic molecules.
